2015年4月19日 星期日

Vim自動補齊神器 YouCompleteMe

webber0928

github: https://github.com/Valloric/YouCompleteMe

YouCompleteMe的特別之處

基於語義補全

總所周知,Vim是一款文本編輯器。也就是說,其最基礎的工作就是編輯文本,不管該文本的內容是什麼。Vim被程序員所使用後,其慢慢的被肩負了與IDE一樣的工作,文本自動補全 (ie. acp ,omnicppcompleter ),代碼檢查( Syntastic )等等工作。
針對文本自動補全這個功能來說,主要有兩種實現方式。
  • 基於文本
我們常用的omnicppcompleter , acp ,vim自帶的cx, cn的實現方式就是基於文本。更通俗的說法,其實就是一個字:

其通過文本進行一些正則表達式的匹配,再根據生成的tags(利用ctags生成)來實現自動補全的效果。
  • 基於語義
顧名思義,其是通過分析源文件,經過語法分析以後進行補全。由於對源文件進行分析,基於語義的補全可以做到很精確。但是這顯然是vim所不可能支持的。而且經過這麼多年發展,由於語法分析有很高的難度,也一直沒有合適的工具出現。直到,由apple支持的clang/llvm橫空出世。YouCompleteMe也正是在clang/llvm的基礎上進行構建的。

整合實現了多種插件

  • clang_complete
  • AutoComplPop
  • Supertab
  • neocomplcache
  • Syntastic (類似功能,僅僅針對c/c++/obj-c代碼)

支持語言

  • c
  • c++
  • obj-c
  • c#
  • python
對於其他的語言,會調用vim設置的omnifunc來匹配,因此同樣支持php , ruby等語言。
已知的有* javascript —- tern_for_vim  * ruby/java —- eclim

使用效果圖

ycmsdfsdgeerg

使用感受

  • 和IDE一樣,自動補全,
  • 根據include的文件進行補全
  • 不用再蹩腳的生成tags
  • 補全非常精準,而且速度很快,不會有延遲(以前在大項目上,acp用起來實在是很卡)
  • 支持類似tags的跳轉,跳到定義處以及使用處
  • 出錯提示很智能,並且用起來真的是如絲般柔滑,不用輸入:w進行強制檢測

安裝

說完了那麼多好處,就要說到安裝了。不同於以往其他vim插件,YCM是一款編譯型的插件。在下載完後,需要手動編譯後才能使用。對應其他的插件來說,僅僅就是把.vim的文件丟到相應文件夾下就可以。而這也加大了使用YCM的難度。

安裝準備

  • 最新版的Vim(7.3.584+),編譯時添加+python標誌(已經安裝的可以通過vim --version查看)
  • cmake(mac可以通過homebrew安裝,brew install cmake ,ubuntu可以通過sudo apt-get install cmake )
  • 安裝vundle插件,用於安裝管理vim的插件

mac下快速安裝

.vimrc中添加下列代碼
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Bundle 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'
保存退出後打開vim,在正常模式下輸入
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:BundleInstall
等待vundle將YouCompleteMe安裝完成
而後進行編譯安裝:
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cd ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe
./install --clang-completer
如果不需要 c-family的補全,可以去掉--clang-completer。如果需要c#的補全,請加上--omnisharp-completer。
正常來說,YCM會去下載clang的包,如果已經有,也可以用系統--system-libclang。
就這樣,安裝結束。打開vim,如果沒有提示YCM未編譯,則說明安裝已經​​成功了。

手動編譯安裝

安裝的腳本並不是什麼時候都好用,至少對我來說是這樣的。安裝完之後出現了問題,參考issue#809
在用:BundleInstall安裝完成或者使用
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git clone --recursive https://github.com/Valloric/YouCompleteMe.git
獲取最新的倉庫,而後使用git submodule update --init --recursive確認倉庫的完整性後,開始安裝流程。
  1. 下載最新的clang二進製文件YCM要求clang版本> 3.2,一般來說都是下載最新的
  2. 安裝python-dev.(ubuntu下使用sudo apt-get install python-dev ,mac下默認提供,否則請安裝command line tools )
  3. 編譯
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    cd ~
    mkdir ycm_build
    cd ycm_build
    cmake -G “Unix Makefiles” -DPATH_TO_LLVM_ROOT=~/ycm_temp/llvm_root_dir . ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/cpp make ycm_support_libs
    這裡需要注意的是,~/ycm_temp/llvm_root_dir中包含的是根據第一步下載的壓縮包解壓出來的內容(包括include ,  bin等等文件)。
這樣就完成了,開始感受YCM提供的完全不遜色於大型IDE所提供的自動補全功能吧。

配置

不同於很多vim插件,YCM首先需要編譯,另外還需要有配置。在vim啟動後,YCM會找尋當前路徑以及上層路徑的.ycm_extra_conf.py .在~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py中提供了默認的模板。也可以參考我的(就在模板上改改而已)。不過這個解決了標準庫提示找不到的問題。
一般來說,我會在~目錄下放一個默認的模板,而後再根據不同的項目在當前目錄下再拷貝個.ycm_extra_conf.py。
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# This file is NOT licensed under the GPLv3, which is the license for the rest
# of YouCompleteMe.
#
# Here's the license text for this file:
#
# This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
#
# Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
# distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
# binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
# means.
#
# In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
# of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
# software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
# of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
# successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
# relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
# software under copyright law.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
# OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
# ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
# OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
#
# For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>
 
import os
import ycm_core
 
# These are the compilation flags that will be used in case there's no
# compilation database set (by default, one is not set).
# CHANGE THIS LIST OF FLAGS. YES, THIS IS THE DROID YOU HAVE BEEN LOOKING FOR.
flags = [
'-Wall',
'-Wextra',
#'-Werror',
#'-Wc++98-compat',
'-Wno-long-long',
'-Wno-variadic-macros',
'-fexceptions',
'-stdlib=libc++',
# THIS IS IMPORTANT! Without a "-std=<something>" flag, clang won't know which
# language to use when compiling headers. So it will guess. Badly. So C++
# headers will be compiled as C headers. You don't want that so ALWAYS specify
# a "-std=<something>".
# For a C project, you would set this to something like 'c99' instead of
# 'c++11'.
'-std=c++11',
# ...and the same thing goes for the magic -x option which specifies the
# language that the files to be compiled are written in. This is mostly
# relevant for c++ headers.
# For a C project, you would set this to 'c' instead of 'c++'.
'-x',
'c++',
'-I',
'.',
'-isystem',
'/usr/include',
'-isystem',
'/usr/local/include',
'-isystem',
'/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/include',
'-isystem',
'/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../lib/c++/v1',
]
 
# Set this to the absolute path to the folder (NOT the file!) containing the
# compile_commands.json file to use that instead of 'flags'. See here for
# more details: http://clang.llvm.org/docs/JSONCompilationDatabase.html
#
# Most projects will NOT need to set this to anything; you can just change the
# 'flags' list of compilation flags. Notice that YCM itself uses that approach.
compilation_database_folder = ''
 
if os.path.exists( compilation_database_folder ):
  database = ycm_core.CompilationDatabase( compilation_database_folder )
else:
  database = None
 
SOURCE_EXTENSIONS = [ '.cpp', '.cxx', '.cc', '.c', '.m', '.mm' ]
 
def DirectoryOfThisScript():
  return os.path.dirname( os.path.abspath( __file__ ) )
 
def MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute( flags, working_directory ):
  if not working_directory:
    return list( flags )
  new_flags = []
  make_next_absolute = False
  path_flags = [ '-isystem', '-I', '-iquote', '--sysroot=' ]
  for flag in flags:
    new_flag = flag
 
    if make_next_absolute:
      make_next_absolute = False
      if not flag.startswith( '/' ):
        new_flag = os.path.join( working_directory, flag )
 
    for path_flag in path_flags:
      if flag == path_flag:
        make_next_absolute = True
        break
 
      if flag.startswith( path_flag ):
        path = flag[ len( path_flag ): ]
        new_flag = path_flag + os.path.join( working_directory, path )
        break
 
    if new_flag:
      new_flags.append( new_flag )
  return new_flags
 
def IsHeaderFile( filename ):
  extension = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 1 ]
  return extension in [ '.h', '.hxx', '.hpp', '.hh' ]
 
def GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename ):
  # The compilation_commands.json file generated by CMake does not have entries
  # for header files. So we do our best by asking the db for flags for a
  # corresponding source file, if any. If one exists, the flags for that file
  # should be good enough.
  if IsHeaderFile( filename ):
    basename = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 0 ]
    for extension in SOURCE_EXTENSIONS:
      replacement_file = basename + extension
      if os.path.exists( replacement_file ):
        compilation_info = database.GetCompilationInfoForFile(
          replacement_file )
        if compilation_info.compiler_flags_:
          return compilation_info
    return None
  return database.GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename )
 
def FlagsForFile( filename, **kwargs ):
  if database:
    # Bear in mind that compilation_info.compiler_flags_ does NOT return a
    # python list, but a "list-like" StringVec object
    compilation_info = GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename )
    if not compilation_info:
      return None
 
    final_flags = MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute(
      compilation_info.compiler_flags_,
      compilation_info.compiler_working_dir_ )
 
    # NOTE: This is just for YouCompleteMe; it's highly likely that your project
    # does NOT need to remove the stdlib flag. DO NOT USE THIS IN YOUR
    # ycm_extra_conf IF YOU'RE NOT 100% SURE YOU NEED IT.
    #try:
    #  final_flags.remove( '-stdlib=libc++' )
    #except ValueError:
    #  pass
  else:
    relative_to = DirectoryOfThisScript()
    final_flags = MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute( flags, relative_to )
 
  return {
    'flags': final_flags,
    'do_cache': True
  }

YouCompleteMe提供的其他功能

YCM除了提供了基本的補全功能,自動提示錯誤的功能外,還提供了類似tags的功能:
  • 跳轉到定義GoToDefinition
  • 跳轉到聲明GoToDeclaration
  • 以及兩者的合體GoToDefinitionElseDeclaration
可以在.vimrc中配置相應的快捷鍵。
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nnoremap <leader>gl :YcmCompleter GoToDeclaration<CR>
nnoremap <leader>gf :YcmCompleter GoToDefinition<CR>
nnoremap <leader>gg :YcmCompleter GoToDefinitionElseDeclaration<CR>
另外,YCM也提供了豐富的配置選項,同樣在.vimrc中配置。具體請參考
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let g:ycm_error_symbol = '>>'
let g:ycm_warning_symbol = '>*'
同時,YCM可以打開location-list來顯示警告和錯誤的信息:YcmDiags。個人關於ycm的配置如下:
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" for ycm
let g:ycm_error_symbol = '>>'
let g:ycm_warning_symbol = '>*'
nnoremap <leader>gl :YcmCompleter GoToDeclaration<CR>
nnoremap <leader>gf :YcmCompleter GoToDefinition<CR>
nnoremap <leader>gg :YcmCompleter GoToDefinitionElseDeclaration<CR>
nmap <F4> :YcmDiags<CR>
YCM提供的跳躍功能採用了vim的jumplist,往前跳和往後跳的快捷鍵為Ctrl+O以及Ctrl+I。

總結

YouCompleteMe是我用過的最爽的一個自動補全的插件了。之前使用acp時,遇到大文件基本上就卡死了,以至於都不怎麼敢使用。由於YCM使用的時C/S結構,部分使用vim腳本編寫,部分認為原生代碼,使得跑起來速度飛快。

文章出處

By webber0928

一個小菜鳥工程師,對籃球還有夢想的男孩。

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